+# NAT/forward/vpn tftp
+
+I tried to get this working, but failed.
+
+tftp server in theory can be forwarded over a vpn, eg on a wireguard tunnel.
+
+However, I found that when actually pxe booting, it wouldn't work, only
+the 1st filename would be requested, eg, in the logs:
+
+Jun 20 23:51:02 kd in.tftpd[4021350]: RRQ from 10.2.0.12 filename pxelinux.0
+
+
+To get that far, nating tftp requires some special attention in iptables, like so:
+
+https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/579508/iptables-rules-to-forward-tftp-via-nat
+iptables -t raw -A PREROUTING -p udp --dport 69 -s 209.51.188.0/24 -j CT --helper tftp
+modprobe nf_nat_tftp
+
+to test tftp from a client machine:
+
+tftp SERVER_IP -c get pxelinux.0
+rm -fv pxelinux.0
+
+
+# Common problems
+
+## kernel mismatch very early error, no remote logs:
+
+ERROR: the running kernel does not match the kernel modules inside the nfsroot.
+ERROR: Kernel modules directory /lib/modules/5.10.0-8-amd not available. Only found /lib/modules/5.10.0-15-amd64
+
+solution: if running from fai-cd, recreate autodiscover cd as noted above in setup.
+
+## Weird package dependency errors
+
+for example: in fai.log, within instsoft.DEBIAN
+```
+The following packages have unmet dependencies:
+ libc6 : Breaks: locales (< 2.36) but 2.35-0ubuntu3.7+11.0trisquel1 is to be installed
+```
+
+In this case, it was because the basefile was missing, and so instead
+fai decided to use the wrong basefile.
+
+for example: in fai.log, within instsoft.DEBIAN
+
+```
+ftar: No matching class found in /var/lib/fai/config/basefiles//
+ftar: extracting /var/tmp/base.tar.zst to /target/
+```
+
+# What good logs look like:
+
+logging nfs traffic from server
+
+s rpcdebug -m nfsd -s all
+
+
+normal nfs mount & umount logs look like:
+
+journalctl -ef | gr nfs
+
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd rpc.mountd[2025725]: authenticated mount request from 10.32.2.1:865 for /srv/fai/nfsroot (/srv/fai/nfsroot)
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: exp_rootfh(/srv/fai/nfsroot [00000000e8c53e54] *:dm-0/5521225)
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: fh_compose(exp 00:1b/5521225 fai/nfsroot, ino=5521225)
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: FSINFO(3) 28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000)
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: PATHCONF(3) 28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000)
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: GETATTR(3) 28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000)
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: FSINFO(3) 28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000)
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: GETATTR(3) 28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000
+Jun 20 22:15:36 kd kernel: nfsd: fh_verify(28: 00070001 00543f49 00000000 d185f7b0 58d1a3c6 00000000)
+Jun 20 22:15:45 kd rpc.mountd[2025725]: authenticated unmount request from 10.32.2.1:986 for /srv/fai/nfsroot (/srv/fai/nfsroot)
+
+normal tftpd logs from:
+
+after setting -vv in TFTP_OPTIONS in /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
+
+journalctl -u tftpd-hpa
+
+Jun 20 23:51:02 kd in.tftpd[4021350]: RRQ from 10.2.0.12 filename pxelinux.0
+Jun 20 23:51:02 kd in.tftpd[4021351]: RRQ from 10.2.0.12 filename ldlinux.c32
+Jun 20 23:51:02 kd in.tftpd[4021352]: RRQ from 10.2.0.12 filename pxelinux.cfg/a913a477-fca6-234d-a928-6bb011decd05
+Jun 20 23:51:02 kd in.tftpd[4021352]: sending NAK (1, File not found) to 10.2.0.12
+Jun 20 23:51:02 kd in.tftpd[4021353]: RRQ from 10.2.0.12 filename pxelinux.cfg/01-52-54-00-9c-ef-ad
+Jun 20 23:51:02 kd in.tftpd[4021353]: sending NAK (1, File not found) to 10.2.0.12
+Jun 20 23:51:02 kd in.tftpd[4021354]: RRQ from 10.2.0.12 filename pxelinux.cfg/0A02000C
+Jun 20 23:51:02 kd in.tftpd[4021355]: RRQ from 10.2.0.12 filename vmlinuz-5.10.0-15-amd64
+Jun 20 23:51:03 kd in.tftpd[4021356]: RRQ from 10.2.0.12 filename initrd.img-5.10.0-15-amd64
+
+
+
+# Replacing a raid 10 disk
+
+pxe-server -S HOST fai
+
+# btrfs replace or delete. prefer replace. to setup partitions on replacement drive:
+scp fai-wrapper HOST:
+ssh root@HOST
+. fai-wrapper
+export SPECIAL_DISK=/dev/REPLACEMENT_DEV
+/var/lib/fai/config/hooks/partition.DEFAULT
+
+
+ssh root@HOST
+for x in /target/* /target; do umount $x; done
+cat >p
+PASSWORD HERE(ctrl-d ctrl-d)
+cd /dev/disk/by-id/
+for d in ata*part1; do cryptsetup luksOpen -d /root/p $d crypt_dev_$d; done
+x=(/dev/mapper/*part1); mount -o subvol=root_trisquelflidas $x /mnt
+# btrfs fi show /mnt
+# btrfs replace start -f /dev/mapper/OLD_DEV /dev/mapper/NEW_DEV /mnt
+# btrfs replace status /mnt
+# nohup btrfs dev delete /dev/sde1 /mnt
+mount -o subvol=boot_trisquelflidas /dev/sda3 /mnt/boot
+# also replace or delete disk for boot
+for x in dev proc sys; do mount -o bind /$x /mnt/$x; done
+chroot /mnt /bin/bash
+# replace disk in fstab
+# replace disk in /etc/crypttab
+update-grub
+update-initramfs -u
+mount /a
+/a/exe/keyscript-on
+exit
+reboot
+
+
+# Expected output in fai logs
+
+
+## On focal:
+
+fai.log:updatebase.UBUNTU FAILED with exit code 1.
+the real error is dpkg-reconfigure locales, seems to be related
+to a workaround for < 20.04, relevant comment:
+# in case the locales are already included inside the base file (Ubuntu)
+in config/hooks/instsoft.DEBIAN
+
+
+## For flidas,
+
+when installing systemd, this error happens, and it's
+a superflous upstream bug based on reading the post install script:
+
+addgroup: The group `systemd-journal' already exists as a system group. Exiting.
+Operation failed: No such file or directory
+
+## On nabia/newer,
+
+python is removed, now its python3,
+and its easier to just let the package get removed than
+do host class package config.
+fai.log:WARNING: These unknown packages are removed from the installation list: python python-minimal
+
+Similar to python, linux-image-amd64 is the debian package name
+for the kernel, linux-image-generic is for ubuntu, but the
+DEBIAN class is defined on ubuntu and its easier to just let
+the package get removed with this warning:
+fai.log:WARNING: These unknown packages are removed from the installation list: linux-image-amd64
+Also, cryptsetup-initramfs is new to buster/nabia, it gets removed
+on earlier versions.
+
+## parted error
+fai.log:Error: /dev/vda: unrecognised disk label
+This is from parted -m $d unit MiB print.
+It happens when there are no partitions yet.
+
+
+######## notes on creating a lan with just 2 computers ########
+
+
+## below assumes eth0 is the ethernet device used to connect to the target computer.
+
+
+# this is not strictly needed. I had my connection die at some point,
+# and I suspected this might help.
+# based on
+# https://support.qacafe.com/knowledge-base/how-do-i-prevent-network-manager-from-controlling-an-interface/
+cat > /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/99-fai-tmp.conf <<'EOF'
+[main]
+plugins=keyfile
+
+[keyfile]
+unmanaged-devices=interface-name:eth0
+EOF
+ser restart NetworkManager
+
+
+cat >> /etc/network/interfaces <<'EOF'
+iface eth0 inet static
+address 10.0.44.1/24
+EOF
+
+ifup eth0
+
+# note turn off fsf vpn, so route to coresite is the normal route.
+echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
+m s iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $(ip -4 route get 8.8.8.8 | sed -nr 's,^.* dev\s+(\S+).*,\1,p') -j MASQUERADE
+
+
+change /p/c/machine_specific/vps/bind-initial/db.b8.nz
+faiserver 10.0.44.1
+TARGET_HOSTNAME 10.0.44.2
+
+apt install isc-dhcp-server
+
+cat >> /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server <<'EOF'
+INTERFACESv4="eth0"
+EOF
+
+edit ./dhcpd.conf to change mac address and target host name.
+
+s cp /b/fai/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp/
+ser restart isc-dhcp-server
+
+edit /a/bin/fai/fai/config/class/51-multi-boot
+
+pxe-server -d TARGET fai
+
+Then do a pxe boot on the target host
+
+
+
+##### linode notes ######
+
+* create 2 disks, installer (3000 mb, raw), boot (remaining, raw)
+* create 2 profiles w direct boot, no helpers:
+ * installer (sda=boot, sdb=installer, boot dev=sdb)
+ * boot (sda=boot)
+* Boot into rescue mode, ssh in with lish,
+ curl url_to_some_fai_cd_created_image | dd of=/dev/sda
+ poweroff
+* boot into installer.
+* Lish shows console, at the end of install, it gives prompt because
+ logs failed to save remotely, check the logs, then reboot into boot
+ profile if all is well. If that doesn't happen, turn off lassie in
+ settings.
+
+
+
+###### ubuntu notes ######
+
+For someone who really needed ubuntu on host tp, otherwise they would
+end up on a non-gnu os, and I didn't want to figure out how to get all
+the default software installed, I did the following:
+
+# On remote host:
+# install etiona
+cd /b/fai
+# set 51-multi-boot to set classes outside of fai-wrapper conditional, including NOWIPE
+. fai-wrapper
+./fai/config/hooks/partition.DEFAULT
+
+# on remote host
+# install ubuntu 20.04 using virt-install
+sudo -i
+virt-install --os-variant=ubuntu16.04 --cdrom ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso --disk path=u2004.qcow2 -r 2048 --vcpus 1 -n u2004
+qemu-img create -o preallocation=metadata -f qcow2 u2004.qcow2 15G
+# alternatively, also tried a physical install, because I know the virtual install ends up
+# with some differen things, like some spice service. then pulled the data out with
+rsync -ahSAX --numeric-ids --exclude=proc --exclude=sys --exclude=dev --exclude=tmp --exclude=run root@tp:/ .; mkdir proc sys dev tmp
+
+modprobe nbd
+qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 u1804.qcow2 -f qcow2
+qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 u2004.qcow2 -f qcow2
+mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/1 # bionic
+mount /dev/nbd0p5 /mnt/1 # focal
+mount -o bind /mnt/root/root_ubuntubionic /mnt/2
+mount -o bind /mnt/root/root_ubuntufocal /mnt/2
+mkdir -p /mnt/2/boot
+mount -o bind /mnt/boot/boot_ubuntubionic /mnt/2/boot
+mount -o bind /mnt/boot/boot_ubuntufocal /mnt/2/boot
+# S = sparse, A = acls, X = xattrs
+rsync -ahSAX --numeric-ids /mnt/1/ /mnt/2
+
+cd /mnt/2
+cp /tmp/fai/crypttab etc
+sed -i "s#/root/keyscript,#decrypt_keyctl,#" etc/crypttab
+cp /tmp/fai/fstab etc
+echo "tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nodev,nosuid,size=50%,mode=1777 0 0" >> etc/fstab
+chrbind
+chroot .
+mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.old
+echo nameserver 1.1.1.1 >/etc/resolv.conf
+# install programs from /a/bin/fai/fai/config/package_config/STANDARD:
+apt install -y openssh-client openssh-server cryptsetup keyutils btrfs-progs console-setup kbd pciutils usbutils unattended-upgrades initramfs-tools-core dropbear-initramfs
+mv /etc/resolv.conf.old /etc/resolv.conf
+exit
+d=etc/initramfs-tools
+mkdir -p $d/root/.ssh etc/dropbear-initramfs root/.ssh
+chmod 700 $d/root $d/root/.ssh root/.ssh
+cp -p /root/.ssh/authorized_keys $d/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
+cp -p /root/.ssh/authorized_keys etc/dropbear-initramfs
+cp -p /root/.ssh/authorized_keys root/.ssh/authorized_keys
+chroot .
+sed -ri 's/^ *GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=.*/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="rd.luks.crypttab=no"/' /etc/default/grub
+grub-install --no-floppy $(grub-probe -tdrive -d /dev/sda)
+update-grub
+grub-bios-setup -d /boot/grub/i386-pc -s /dev/sda
+exit
+umount proc
+umount dev
+umount sys
+reboot
+
+# for switching the boot to root2
+zboot
+# for switching back, efibootmgr, if there is a problem with the root filesystem detection,
+# boot into the debian bootstrap distro, run partition.DEFAULT using comments for mktab arg.
+# then manually run iboot and then reboot.
+
+
+# pine rock64 notes
+# the only useful image is ubuntu 18.04 ayafun or something.
+# using emmc usb:
+s mount /dev/sdb7 /mnt/1
+s cp `which qemu-arm-static` /mnt/1/usr/bin
+s chroot /mnt/1 qemu-arm-static /bin/bash
+usermod --login iank --move-home --home /home/iank rock46
+groupmod --new-name iank rock64
+passwd iank
+# boot it
+s apt-get update
+s apt dist-upgrade
+
+
+### How to merge upstream fai-config
+
+git checkout upstream
+cd path-to-fai-config
+git pull --stat
+# the following needs modification if there was deletions or renames
+rsync --exclude /.git -rlpgoDcvi . /b/fai/fai/config/
+cd /b/fai/fai/config/
+# where XXXXX is the git commit hash
+# note, several files which just had trailing space changes will get ignored.
+git commit -am "update upstream to XXXXX"
+git checkout master
+git merge upstream
+# fix conflicts
+git commit
+
+
+# TODO
+Change arch to archlike and to support arch and parabola
+
+
+# License
+
+The license for the project is GPLv2 or later, mostly because fai is and
+I periodically merge the upstream example config, which contains small
+scripts. Also, there is a modified encrypt.upstream, which is from the
+cryptsetup package in arch, which is under the same license.
iankelling.org / git / automated-distro-installer / blobdiff