Explanation: https://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.apt-get.html#sect.apt.priorities Explanation: And man apt_preferences Explanation: Installed packages get 100 priority, so this won't upgrade testing Explanation: packages unless explicitly asked to. Explanation: Less than 0 won't install package unless you specify the archive. Explanation: This is good, so you never just search for a package and install Explanation: it without knowing it's from a different archive. Explanation: Install with apt-get install package/testing. But if dependencies are Explanation: needed, or need upgrading, Explanation: apt-get -t testing package, setting testing to priority Explanation: 990 just for that command. Explanation: Use apt-cache policy to verify these settings. Package: * Pin: release a=unstable Pin-Priority: -20 Package: * Pin: release a=unstable-updates Pin-Priority: -20 Package: * Pin: release a=experimental Pin-Priority: -40